Weight Loss methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Lorraine Kearney: One of the biggest myths that I get

from my clients is that

I need to skip meals and starve in order to lose weight.

It's not true.

So, if you skip meals,

it's gonna have such a negative effect on your body

that when you do go to sit down and eat,

you'll probably overconsume.

Narrator: That's Lorraine Kearney,

one of three dietitians we brought into our studios.

My name is Ryan Turner.

My name is Nikita Kapur.

Narrator: To debunk 18 of the most common

weight-loss myths.

Kearney: The biggest myth that frustrates me the most

is that all calories are created equally.

A calorie is not just a calorie.

It depends on the source of your calories,

whether it's coming from caloric-dense foods

or nutritional-dense foods.

Caloric-dense foods would be more so

our cookies, our cakes.

We can have a cookie that's 100 calories,

we'll eat it, it'll digest really fast,

then it's gonna spike our blood sugar levels

where, when we start to crash again,

we're gonna crave more sugar

for that energy pick-me-up.

Narrator: And that can make you gain weight.

Kearney: On the other hand, you can have a banana.

Narrator: Which is an example

of a nutritionally dense food.

Kearney: I get the question a lot,

do bananas make you fat?

Bananas do not make you fat.

Bananas, they're a great source of potassium,

but for those 100 calories

you're also gonna get the fiber and the nutrients

that your body needs in that cellular level

to make sure that you are healthy

and that you're nourished.

Narrator: And you definitely need to nourish your body

if you're trying to lose weight.

Kapur: When we are restricting calories,

you are restricting the energy source of your body.

You're also restricting the energy source of your brain.

And if that's happening,

then, you know, very primitive,

protective mechanisms

start to kick into place

where your body senses that as

a physiological threat

and does start to shift your metabolic balance

to burn less because it's getting less.

It's kinda like a budget. Right?

So, if you have a paycheck

and you're running out of funds,

you're going to conserve how much you pay

till your next paycheck.

Your body does the same.

Your body will jump into this protective

physiological, biological mechanism

to reduce the amount of energy you're using,

which is why it is hard for people to maintain weight.

Narrator: And starving yourself

can also shrink your muscles.

Turner: You wanna make sure that

you're not eating less

than 70% of your overall calorie needs.

If you do, that's where not only

are you probably gonna feel extremely hungry

and it's gonna take you off

of any goals that you're setting,

but you're probably gonna start compromising

your muscle mass as well,

and that's where weight loss is gonna be unhealthy.

Narrator: But while the amount of calories

you consume matters,

the timing might not.

Turner: Timing your meals is always a big question.

Everyone comes to me and they kinda smirk

and they think that I'm gonna give them a thumbs up

when they say, "I don't eat

after 6 o'clock or 7 o'clock."

And I say, "Oh, all right, do you enjoy that?"

And they say, "No."

And I say, "Well then maybe eating after is OK."

Because timing of day

is not going to affect weight loss.

Calories are what's going to affect

weight loss or body-fat loss.

So, if you eat a bunch of additional calories

and you're in calorie surplus

and those are coming late at night,

then that's what's causing something like weight gain.

Narrator: And what about eating

first thing in the morning?

Kearney: It depends on the body, and it depends on

the person and their relationship with food.

For a lot of people, me included,

if I don't eat a meal, I usually feel very deprived,

and it's like I want to make up for it later.

If that happens,

then that's when we can add in a lot of calories.

Personally, I'm a huge advocate of breakfast.

Our body runs on fuel, and food is our fuel.

So if we have our breakfast,

then we feel we have more sustained energy

throughout the day.

Narrator: And if you do choose to eat breakfast,

feel free to go for that 2% yogurt.

Turner: Now, fat is incredibly necessary.

We should not be afraid of fat.

We need fat in the diet.

Fat's gonna be necessary for things

like absorbing nutrients, like the fat-soluble nutrients

like vitamin A and D and E and K.

And you also need to make sure that fat,

specifically cholesterol,

is what's gonna help produce things like your hormones,

so things like estrogen and

testosterone, growth hormones,

so we need all those kind of things.

Narrator: Not only is fat healthy,

but fat-free foods are often loaded with sugar or salt.

Kearney: So, if you have a wholesome product

and you're removing the fat of it,

it's gonna taste completely different.

You probably wouldn't even like it.

But what they're gonna do is replace that flavor

with something else,

and usually it's either sodium or sugar.

So, with sugar,

when we have, like, a yogurt

that has the fruit at the bottom,

they're gonna have way more sugars

than if you had, like, a 2% Greek yogurt.

Narrator: And, as it turns out,

fat isn't the only nutrient you can keep in your diet

and still lose weight.

Kearney: One of the biggest myths I get about carbs

is that you must omit them from your diet to lose weight,

or my body doesn't digest them

well and I have to omit them

because I'd never lose weight

unless I restrict myself.

It's not true.

Narrator: And it's just not sustainable.

Kearney: It's almost impossible to have

a no-carb diet.

Fruits and vegetables are known as carbohydrates,

and we must get those for their nutrients.

Why carbs have a bad name?

It's because of the simple carbs.

The carbs that you see prepackaged

that are the cookies,

the cakes, the sodas, the potato chips.

They're called simple carbs

because the chemical structure of them

is usually one to two glucose molecules put together.

So, when you have, like, a small glucose molecule,

it's easy for them to break away.

But with our complex carbs,

they are really long chains of carbon

that usually are about 18-carbon long,

and then, by the time that your body

starts to break it down,

it's gonna take a while, and that's exactly what we want

because it helps balance our blood sugar

and also that fiber keeps us full for longer

and then also prevents us from snacking.

So, eat your carbs.

Definitely eat your carbs and eat your bread.

Bread's delicious; it's one of my favorite things.

Narrator: And she has a pro tip

for finding bread with more complex carbs.

Kearney: Read your ingredient list.

With bread, a lot of those mass-produced breads

that are in the bread aisle that are shelf-stable,

they can last a month

without getting mold on them.

And when you look at the ingredient list,

it's probably about 50 ingredients long.

They're the ones we wanna avoid.

When you're getting bread,

get the fresh bread that comes from the local bakery,

which is usually around the deli counter area

inside of grocery stores.

Those will have maybe four or five ingredients,

it'll mold after two days,

but you can preserve it

by just putting it into the freezer

and take it out as you need it.

Narrator: And, speaking of bread,

what about going gluten-free to lose weight?

Kearney: Gluten-free for weight loss

can be a huge marketing ploy.

So, with gluten-free, there are a lot of people

that do have an intolerance to gluten.

Or they have celiac disease,

which is where the body starts attacking itself

and can deteriorate the body.

Narrator: But there are also people

without these conditions who are looking to...

Kearney: Blame something like the gluten

without checking the rest of their diet.

If you are honest with yourself,

recording your food, checking the ingredients,

and then you eat the gluten

and you feel the intolerance, then great.

But a lot of people will choose to just jump in

and be like, gluten's the enemy.

Narrator: So, most of us don't need to cut out gluten

or fat or carbs to lose weight.

But there are some products better left on the shelf.

Kearney: The diet sodas are terrible,

with all the additives, preservatives in them,

and the hidden sugars.

A lot of the added sugars are the synthetic sugars

that are supposed to be great

because they don't release insulin,

which then doesn't cause a spike in blood sugar levels.

But, internally,

if we don't stimulate the release of insulin,

those sugars, the synthetic sugars, go to the liver,

build up around the liver,

hinder the functioning of the liver,

and then can lead to nonalcoholic fatty disease.

If I'm gonna have a soda,

which I have once in a blue moon,

it will be the real thing.

Yes, there's more sugar in it,

but it's something that I don't have on a regular basis.

Narrator: Better yet, she says, drink water.

Kearney: Jazz up your water.

Add fruit to it, add some mint or cucumber, lemon.

Yes, it'll take a little bit for your taste buds to reset,

but you're getting so many nutrients from that water,

and your body requires water

for it to function optimally.

Water is one of the six nutrients

that the body needs.

And when we're dehydrated,

it also mimics the signs of hunger.

So people turn to food a lot if they're dehydrated,

not realizing that they're not hungry,

it's just your body saying,

"Give me some water, I'm thirsty."

Narrator: And what about juice?

Kearney: Oh, juice cleanses. [laughs]

So, juice cleanses are, like, one of my pet peeves.

If you're having a juice every once in a while, great.

You're still getting the antioxidants out of it,

you're still getting the nutrients,

but you're removing that fiber.

And fiber is key for the body to support gut health.

With a lot of juice cleanses, they're hella expensive,

and we have this belief

that they're gonna be better for our bodies

or it's a cleansing effect of our body.

Realistically, what's happening is that,

when you have those juice cleanses

that are mostly coming from, like, fruit sugars

and then the vegetable sugars,

it's a high, high amount of fructose in the body.

When the body consumes excess fructose,

it has a spasming effect of the GI tract

that can lend to the cleansing effect.

So that when we are actually having

a reaction to the high

amounts of fructose in the body,

people think it's the cleansing effect

because the marketing ploys have

led us to believe that way.

But it's not.

You would be better cleansing your body

by actually eating the apple, eating the spinach,

and eating all the other fruits that are in that cleanse.

That would be better for you

because fiber is our natural detox.

What it does is it goes through the body,

picks up, like, excess fat, metabolic waste,

and help cleanse it out.

Narrator: But juice cleanses aren't the only diet fads

that don't often work.

Turner: Intermittent fasting is probably

a question I get all the time.

It's...we can kinda put it in that myth category.

Narrator: Now, it can restrict calories

and, at least temporarily, help you lose weight.

Turner: If you're only allowed to eat food for eight hours,

that just gives someone a lot of structure,

and that can be very, very helpful.

You can only get so many calories in your mouth

in that time.

On the flip side,

someone can get a lot of calories in their mouth

during that time as well.

So, someone can, and I've seen many people do it,

they've gained weight through intermittent fasting.

So it's not just gonna be this quick fix;

there's nothing magical to it.

Narrator: And the same goes for many popular diets.

Kapur: So, one of the common diets right now

that is gaining popularity is the ketogenic diet.

So, a lot of people who are doing that

are just eliminating carbohydrates,

which is why that's hard to sustain,

because your body does

need carbohydrates for a reason.

To be honest, there's not a lot of research

that's saying that that is something that is helpful.

There's maybe a lot of research in mice models,

but that hasn't been transcribed

into human studies.

Narrator: And while people have lost weight on keto,

it's often not without side effects.

Kapur: They're eliminating whole grains and legumes,

certain fruits and vegetables,

and really increasing their fat intake,

which, although fats are important,

excess of any nutrient can cause

metabolic changes in your body

that will impact your cardiovascular health,

your physical health, your metabolic health.

So, an example would be patients

that we're seeing in the clinical setting

are following ketogenic diets, are seeing weight loss,

however, are coming with higher cholesterol markers,

they're coming with higher LDL markers,

they're coming with more irritable bowel symptoms,

they're coming with more gastrointestinal discomfort.

Narrator: The truth is there's no one tool

that will make you magically lose weight.

Kapur: I think the most prevalent concept

around health these days is biohacking,

which is this idea that you can defeat biology,

you can work around your genetic predispositions,

your metabolic parameters,

and that is actually not true.

And the reason for that is because

you cannot defeat biology,

you cannot hack hunger,

you cannot hack access to healthcare,

you cannot hack motivation.

And this idea that, again, if those results are there,

you're going to be able to feel more satisfied

is also not true.

So, this biohacking works on this concept and this belief

that, you know, you can work your way and fix your body,

and that prescribes to the social construct

that it is up to you to change that.

Narrator: And that's also why most diets don't work.

Kapur: They're hard to sustain,

they're hard to maintain,

so the results are very temporary,

which is why we go back to something,

trying something new.

It's important to focus on behaviors

rather than outcomes.

Kearney: Where you should start is record your food.

A simple food log to lose weight

is really just being honest with yourself,

identifying your foods and the hidden ingredients

that could be contributing to excess

of hundreds and hundreds of calories per day.

Take olive oil.

Olive oil is great.

But when we cook with it,

we usually free-pour it into a pan.

Each tablespoon of olive oil has 128 calories.

Now, if you're pouring in, like, 6, 7, 8 tablespoons

with your vegetables,

you're getting almost 1,000 calories that you don't need.

Narrator: So, pro tip for cooking with olive oil:

Kearney: Put it in, wait till your pan is hot,

once it's hot, add 1 to 2 tablespoons of olive oil,

and then add in your vegetables.

When the pan is hot enough, it will disperse easier

and then you'll use less.

Also, once you put the vegetables in,

some water and moisture will come from those vegetables

and will add to the liquid in the pan,

so you actually don't need to add excess in.

Narrator: And if you are being

mindful of what you eat,

that whole idea of cheating? Kearney isn't a fan.

Kearney: I don't think there is any cheat meals.

I don't like the word cheat.

I think it gives it this,

it gives us this, like, higher power,

like, oh, this is really bad and I can't believe I did this,

I completely fell off the wagon.

No, remove that.

Because then you're gonna want it more,

you're gonna feel even more guilty about it.

If you go out and you're socializing

and you're trying out one of New York's best restaurants

that's filled with cream and butter, enjoy it.

Just try to get a salad to start.

And filling up on salad is a great way to cut the calories,

and then, have, like, one of the appetizers

that are not in line with your health goals

with your table and share, 'cause sharing is caring.

Narrator: And there's more good news.

Kearney: You can still lose weight

while drinking occasional alcohol,

if you're sticking to the cleaner foods.

And by omitting all the foods

that you tend to enjoy in the past,

by omitting alcohol, trying to increase your exercise,

and then doing this, like, detox fad all in one go,

it's overwhelming, and it's setting you up for failure.

So doing it in stages and being more realistic

about what you can change now,

and then work towards it.

What I usually recommend to my clients is

take care of your food now.

You'll understand how your body

feels when it's nourished,

understand how your

gut health is supposed to be supported,

and then we'll focus on alcohol

and working in the exercise.

Narrator: But the thing is,

no matter how much we care about it,

weight definitely isn't everything.

Kapur: I think one of the biggest myths

around weight loss and weight

is that overweight equals unhealthy,

normal weight equals healthy,

as defined by the BMI category.

BMI is a very inaccurate measure of health

because it is just looking at your height and weight

without taking into account

what your metabolic factors and parameters are,

what is your physiological health, your physical health,

your sleep, your mental health,

your relationship to food.

And I think it's very important

to factor those things

if we really wanna define someone as healthy.

And if we're not gonna look at it more holistically,

I think what that does is

it marginalizes people in bigger bodies.

Narrator: Plus, not everyone can lose weight,

even if they're putting in the same effort.

Kapur: That's a very common myth,

that everybody should have,

has the same ability to lose weight,

and if everybody eats the same way,

they're gonna look the same way,

which is very untrue, and that's incorrect.

And the reason for that is

I think it's important to understand that

someone's weight is a factor of so many different things.

It is so complex.

All the way from your genetic predispositions,

your family history, your past medical history,

your relationship to food as you were growing up,

because not everybody has access to food.

Because health is about inclusion, access,

connection, joy, physiological well-being,

and we have to take those factors into account,